Light-Duty Vehicles
Russia adopts European emission standards, which apply to both manufactured and imported vehicles. Implementation dates are listed in Table 1.
| Date | Requirement |
|---|---|
| 1999.01 | Euro 1 (ECE R83.02) |
| 2006.04 | Euro 2 (ECE R83.03) |
| 2008.01 | Euro 3 (ECE R83.05 Stage III) |
| 2010.01 | Euro 4 (ECE R83.05 Stage IV) |
| 2014.01 | Euro 5 |
Heavy-Duty Engines
Heavy-duty highway engines are required to meet European emission standards. The implementation schedule is outlined in Table 2.
| Date | Requirement |
|---|---|
| 1999.01 | Euro I / Ecological Class 1 (ECE R49.02) |
| 2006.01 | Euro II / Ecological Class 2 (ECE R49.02 Stage 2) |
| 2008.01 | Euro III / Ecological Class 3 (ECE R49.04-A) |
| 2010.01 | Euro IV / Ecological Class 4 (ECE R49.04-B1) |
| 2014.01 | Euro V / Ecological Class 5 (ECE R49.04-B2 C) |
Nonroad Engines
Russia adopts European emission standards for mobile nonroad engines. Current requirements are shown in the following table.
| Standard | EU Equivalent |
|---|---|
| GOST R41 96-99 | Stage I (Dir 77/537/EC and Dir 97/68/EC, ECE R24 test) |
Fuel Quality
Quality requirements for transportation fuels are specified in the “Technical Rules on the Requirements for Automobile and Aviation Fuel, Diesel and Ship Fuel, Fuel for Reactive Engines and Heating Oil”, a document adopted by the Russian government. The rules have been modified and the requirements postponed on several occasions.
Quality requirements for transportation fuels (diesel and gasoline) are phased-in based on the following schedule:
- Euro 3 fuels are required from 1 January 2013. Diesel fuel is equivalent to EN 590:1999 with max 350 ppm sulfur. Gasoline must have a maximum of 150 ppm sulfur and 1% benzene.
- Euro 4 fuels (diesel equivalent to EN 590:2004 with max 50 ppm sulfur) are required from 1 January 2015.
- The state may order lower standard fuel for defense purposes. Lower quality fuels may be also produced for delivery to Central Asia, Mongolia and other countries. Fuels from the state reserve can be sold for five more years.