Japan: Heavy-Duty Engines

Diesel Engines
Gasoline and LPG Engines

Diesel Engines

Emission standards for new diesel engines used in heavy commercial vehicles are summarized in Table 1.

**Table 1**
Emission standards for diesel engines used in heavy commercial vehicles
GVW > 3500 kg (> 2500 kg before 2005)
Date	Test	Unit	CO	HC	NOx	PM
Date	Test	Unit	mean (max)	mean (max)	mean (max)	mean (max)
1988/89	6 mode	ppm	790 (980)	510 (670)	DI: 400 (520) IDI: 260 (350)
1994	13 mode	g/kWh	7.40 (9.20)	2.90 (3.80)	DI: 6.00 (7.80) IDI: 5.00 (6.80)	0.70 (0.96)
1997^a			7.40 (9.20)	2.90 (3.80)	4.50 (5.80)	0.25 (0.49)
2003^b			2.22	0.87	3.38	0.18
2005^c	JE05		2.22	0.17^d	2.0	0.027
2009^e	JE05		2.22	0.17^d	0.7	0.01
2016^f	WHTC		2.22	0.17^d	0.4	0.01
a - 1997: GVW ≤ 3500 kg; 1998: 3500 < GVW ≤ 12000 kg; 1999: GVW > 12000 kg b - 2003: GVW ≤ 12000 kg; 2004: GVW > 12000 kg c - full implementation by the end of 2005 d - non-methane hydrocarbons e - 2009: GVW > 12000 kg; 2010: GVW ≤ 12000 kg f - 2016: GVW > 7500 kg; 2017: tractors; 2018: 3500 < GVW ≤ 7500 kg

Gasoline and LPG Engines

Emission standards for new gasoline and LPG fueled engines for heavy commercial vehicles are summarized in Table 2. No new standards for heavy-duty gasoline and LPG engines were published for the post 2018 time frame.

**Table 2**
Emission standards for gasoline and LPG engines for heavy commercial vehicles, g/kWh
GVW > 3500 kg
Date	Test	CO	HC	NOx	PM
Date	Test	mean (max)	mean (max)	mean (max)	mean (max)
2009	JE05	16.0	0.23^d	0.7	0.01^a
a - PM values apply only to direct-injection, lean-burn vehicles equipped with absorption-type NOx reduction catalysts.