The quality of automotive fuels in Australia has been regulated by a number of legal instruments, including the Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000, the Fuel Quality Standards Regulations 2001 and the Fuel Standard (Automotive Diesel) Determination 2001. The fuel quality standards are administered by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities.
Two groups of standards are applicable to diesel fuels:
- Environmental Standards regulate fuel parameters that have a direct impact on the environment.
- Operability Standards address those parameters of diesel that do not have a direct impact on emissions but, if not controlled, can have adverse impacts on the efficient operation of the engine.
The environmental and operability standards for diesel fuels are summarized in the Table 1.
| Parameter | Standard | Test Method | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Standards | |||
| Sulfur, max | 500 ppm | ASTM 5453 | 31-Dec-2002 |
| 50 ppm | 1-Jan-2006 | ||
| 10 ppm | 1-Jan-2009 | ||
| Cetane Index, min | 46 | ASTM D4737 | 1-Jan-2002 |
| Density | 820 - 860 kg/m3 | ASTM D4052 | 1-Jan-2002 |
| 820 - 850 kg/m3 | 1-Jan-2006 | ||
| Distillation T95, max | 370°C | ASTM D86 | 1-Jan-2002 |
| 360°C | 1-Jan-2006 | ||
| Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), max | 11% mass | IP 391 | 1-Jan-2006 |
| Ash and Suspended Solids, max | 100 ppm | ASTM D482 | 1-Jan-2002 |
| Viscosity @ 40°C | 2.0 - 4.5 cSt | ASTM D445 | 1-Jan-2002 |
| Operability Standards | |||
| Carbon Residue (10% distillation residue), max | 0.2% mass | ASTM D4530 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Water and Sediment, max | 0.05% vol | ASTM D2709 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Conductivity @ ambient temp, min | 50 pS/m | ASTM D2624 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Oxidation Stability, max | 25 mg/l | ASTM D2274 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Color, max | 2 | ASTM D1500 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Copper Corrosion (3 hrs @ 50°C), max | Class 1 | ASTM D130 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Flash point, min | 61.5°C | ASTM D93 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Filter Blocking Tendency, max | 2.0 | IP 387 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| Lubricity, max | 0.460 mm * | IP 450 | 16-Oct-2002 |
| * all diesel containing less than 500 ppm sulfur | |||